The
geological time scale represents the geological history of the Earth from its
origins to the present day. Geologists have used significant events in Earth's
history to break Earth's history into time intervals. As a result, the time
slots are not the same length. The current geological chronology is based on
radioactive dating and paleontological records of ancient life preserved in
rock formations. Layer boundaries mostly coincide with periodic extinctions and
the emergence of new species. Thus, a geological timeline shows the
subdivisions of strata (rocks) and the corresponding time intervals during
which strata (rocks) were formed.
The
longest geological time is eons, hundreds of millions of years. Aeons are
subdivided into smaller time intervals known as epochs, and epochs are
subdivided into periods. A smaller subdivision of a period is an epoch, each
containing a different epoch of rock formations or events.
Corresponding stratigraphic subdivisions of an epoch are groups of systems. The system has multiple series, each series has multiple entities.
With a history of about 4.6 billion years, the Earth is divided into two eons. Lifeless and lifeless Cryptozoic eons have discovered Phanerozoic eons. Cryptose is subdivided into Archaean and Proterozoic (Precambrian). The modern age consists of three epochs: the
Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic. The
various periods are:
Paleozoic
- Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian
Mesozoic
- Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous,
Cenozoic – Tertiary (Paleocene,
Eocene, Oligocene, Miocene, Pliocene),
Quaternary (Pleistocene,
Holocene).
Geological Time Scale
GEOLOGICAL TIME SCALE Eon |
Era |
Period |
Epoch |
Age Million years |
Evolutionary changes |
||
Phanerozoic |
Cenozoic
|
Quaternary |
Holocene
|
0.01 |
Modern
man appear |
||
Pleistocene |
1.6 |
Ice age begins, may mammals
die due to glaciations |
|||||
Tertiary |
Pliocene
|
5 |
Man
evolving. Mammals abundant |
||||
Miocene |
24 |
First man like apes |
|||||
Oligocene |
37
|
Appearance of modern mammals
|
|||||
Eocene |
58 |
Formation of Himalayas |
|||||
Paleocene |
66
|
Extinction of dinosaurs |
|||||
Mesozoic |
Cretaceous |
144 |
Giant reptiles, ammonites,
flowering plants disappear |
||||
Jurassic |
208
|
Birds and flowering plants
appear |
|||||
Triassic |
245 |
Ammonites, reptiles &
amphibians abundant, arid climate |
|||||
Paleozoic |
Permian
|
286 |
Trilobites
disappear |
||||
Carboniferous |
360 |
Many non-flowering plants,
first reptile appear |
|||||
Devonian |
408
|
Age of fishes, first
amphibians and lung fishes appear |
|||||
Silurian |
438 |
First fishes and land
plants, graptolites disappeared |
|||||
Ordovician |
505
|
Abundance of trilobites and
graptolites |
|||||
Cambrian |
548 |
Abundance of trilobites |
|||||
Cryptozoic |
Proterozoic
|
2500 |
Soft
bodied plants and animals |
||||
Archean |
4600 |
Complete absence of living
organism |
|||||